Evaluación de la calidad percibida de los programas de voluntariado deportivo universitario al contexto mexicano: Universiada Nacional / Avaliação da percepção da qualidade dos programas de voluntariado desportivo universitário no contexto mexicano: Universiade Nacional / Evaluation of the perceived quality of university sports volunteering programs in the Mexican context: National Universiade

El objetivo de la presente investigación es validar una herramienta que permita evaluar la calidad percibida de los programas del voluntariado universitario al contexto deportivo mexicano. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el software estadístico SPSS v.22 y el programa LISREL 8.8. Se realizaron los análisis de consistencia interna, análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) con dos muestras distintas. El instrumento utilizado fue el QVOLSPORT mx, el cual está compuesto por 49 ítems y 6 factores: 1. Organización del voluntariado, 2. Responsables de área, 3. Tareas específicas del área, 4. Logística, 5. Instalación y materiales y 6.Valoración personal. El muestreo fue intencional por conveniencia, los participantes son voluntarios deportivos universitarios de la Universiada Nacional del año 2017 y 2019 de ambos géneros. Se aplicó a una muestra de 778 participantes distribuida en 378 participantes en la Universiada del año 2017, donde 252 fueron hombres y 126 mujeres, mientras que para la Universiada del año 2019 participaron 400, donde 238 son hombres y 162 mujeres, con un rango de edad entre 18 y 31 años (M = 21.18). Los resultados mostraron que el Alfa de Cronbach por factores está por encima de .70; los indicadores de pertinencia fueron adecuados, los 6 factores obtenidos explican el 59.60% de la varianza total. Los índices de ajuste y de error son satisfactorios, CFI = 0.982, NNFI= 0.981 y RMSEA = 0.057, por lo que el modelo ajusta. (AU)

The objective of this research is to validate a tool that allows evaluating the perceived quality of university volunteer programs in the Mexican sports context. For data analysis, the statistical software SPSS v.22 and the LISREL 8.8 program were used. The internal consistency analyzes, exploratory factor analysis (AFE) and confirmatory factor analysis (AFC) were performed with two different samples. The instrument used was the QVOLSPORT mx, which is composed of 49 items and 6 factors: 1. Organization of the volunteer work, 2. Person in charge of the area, 3. Specific tasks of the area, 4. Logistics, 5. Installation and materials and 6. Personal assessment. The sampling was intentional for convenience, the participants are university sports volunteers of the National Universiade of the year 2017 and 2019 of both genders. It was applied to a sample of 778 participants distributed in 378 participants in the 2017 Universiade, where 252 were men and 126 women, while for the 2019 Universiade 400 participated, where 238 were men and 162 women, with a range of age between 18 and 31 years (M = 21.18). The results showed that Cronbach's Alpha by factors is above .70; the indicators of relevance were adequate, the 6 factors obtained explain 59.60% of the total variance. The fit and error indices are satisfactory, CFI = 0.982, NNFI = 0.981 and RMSEA = 0.057, so the model fits. It is concluded that the QVOLSPORT mx instrument has adequate psychometric properties and meets the needs of sports volunteering in the universitycommunity, enabling continuous improvement in sports volunteering programs. It is confirmed that the instrument is valid to evaluate the perceived quality of university sports volunteering programs in the Mexican sports context. (AU)

O objetivo desta pesquisa é validar uma ferramenta que permite avaliar a qualidade percebida dos programas de voluntariado universitário no contexto esportivo mexicano. Para a análise dos dados, foram utilizados os softwares estatísticos SPSS v.22 e LISREL 8.8. As análises de consistência interna, análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) e análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC) foram realizadas com duas amostras diferentes. O instrumento utilizadofoi o QVOLSPORT mx, que é composto por 49 itens e 6 fatores: 1. Organização do trabalho voluntário, 2. Responsável pela área, 3. Tarefas específicas da área, 4. Logística, 5. Instalação e materiais e 6. Avaliação pessoal. A amostragem foi intencional por conveniência, os participantes são voluntários do esporte universitário da Universiade Nacional dos anos de 2017 e 2019 de ambos os sexos. Foi aplicado a uma amostra de 778 participantes distribuídos em 378 participantes na Universiade 2017, sendo 252 homens e 126 mulheres, enquanto na Universiade 2019 participaram 400, sendo 238 homens e 162 mulheres, com faixa etária entre 18 e 31 anos (M = 21,18). Os resultados mostraram que o Alfa de Cronbach por fatores está acima de 0,70; os indicadores de relevância foram adequados, os 6 fatores obtidos explicam 59,60% da variância total. Os índices de ajuste e erro são satisfatórios, CFI = 0,982, NNFI = 0,981 e RMSEA = 0,057, então o modelo se ajusta. Concluise que o instrumento QVOLSPORT mx apresenta propriedades psicométricas adequadas e atende às necessidades do voluntariado esportivo na comunidade universitária, possibilitando a melhoria contínua nos programas de voluntariado esportivo. Confirmase que o instrumento é válido para avaliar a qualidade percebida de programas de voluntariado esportivo universitário no contexto esportivo mexicano. (AU)

[Alcohol and tobacco consumption in Spanish and Mexican adolescents and its relation to physical and sports-related activity and to the family]. / Alcohol y tabaco en adolescentes españoles y mexicanos y su relación con la actividad físico-deportiva y la familia.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the influence of alcohol or tobacco consumption along with independent variables (sex and age; time and leisure activities; motivations, patterns, modalities, and goals of physical and sports-related activity; and behaviors within the family environment) in physical and sports-related activity among pupils enrolled in compulsory secondary education in Spain and Mexico. METHODS: A questionnaire on habits related to physical and sports-related activity, consumption of alcoholic beverages or tobacco, and the influence of the family environment was answered by 3,249 Spanish pupils and 1,083 Mexican pupils between 12 and 16 years of age. A descriptive analysis and a multinomial logistic regression were carried out in order to ascertain the predictive capacity of the variables included in the model. RESULTS: In both countries, consumption increases with age. In comparative terms, there is a higher prevalence among Spanish pupils when consuming addictive substances. The Spanish pupils who are physically active are less likely to consume alcohol and tobacco; among their Mexican counterparts, there were no significant differences in this regard. The results show that in Spain, females consume alcoholic beverages and smoke more frequently than do males, who do so sporadically but in greater quantities. In Mexico, adolescent boys consume alcohol more regularly that do adolescent girls, although there are no differences in terms of quantity. CONCLUSIONS: In Spain, being physically active and engaging in sports is clearly related to consuming less. Being physically active acts as a protective agent against unhealthy habits. Among Mexican adolescents, no significant relationship between these factors has been found. Both in Spain and in Mexico, siblings and parents are the family members who have the greatest influence vis-à-vis alcohol and tobacco consumption. Furthermore, the trend towards simultaneous consumption of both substances has been proved.

Alcohol y tabaco en adolescentes españoles y mexicanos y su relación con la actividad físico-deportiva y la familia / Alcohol and tobacco consumption in Spanish and Mexican adolescents and its relation to physical and sports-related activity and to the family

OBJETIVO: Identificar la influencia del consumo de alcohol o tabaco junto a variables independientes (sexo y edad; tiempo y actividades de ocio; motivaciones, patrones, modalidades y finalidades físico-deportivas; y conductas del entorno familiar) en la actividad físico-deportiva de alumnos de educación secundaria obligatoria en España y México. MÉTODOS: 3 249 alumnos españoles y 1 083 alumnos mexicanos de entre 12 y 16 años respondieron un cuestionario sobre hábitos físico-deportivos, consumo de bebidas alcohólicas o tabaco e influencia del entorno familiar. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y una regresión logística multinomial para averiguar la capacidad predictiva de las variables incluidas en el modelo. RESULTADOS: En ambos países el consumo aumenta con la edad. Comparativamente existe mayor prevalencia entre los estudiantes españoles a la hora de consumir sustancias adictivas. Los estudiantes españoles físicamente activos tienen menos probabilidades de consumir alcohol y tabaco; entre los mexicanos no se encuentran diferencias significativas al respecto. Los resultados reflejan que en España las mujeres consumen bebidas alcohólicas y fuman con mayor frecuencia. Los varones españoles, sin embargo, lo hacen de manera esporádica pero en mayores cantidades. En México, los adolescentes consumen alcohol más regularmente que las adolescentes, pero no existen diferencias en la cantidad. CONCLUSIONES: En España, la práctica de actividades físico-deportivas se relaciona claramente con un menor consumo. Ser físicamente activo actúa como agente protector ante hábitos no saludables. En los adolescentes mexicanos no se ha encontrado una relación significativa entre estos factores. Tanto en España como en México, los hermanos y los padres son los familiares que mayor influencia ejercen respecto del consumo de alcohol y tabaco. Además, se ha comprobado la tendencia a un consumo simultáneo de ambas sustancias.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the influence of alcohol or tobacco consumption along with independent variables (sex and age; time and leisure activities; motivations, patterns, modalities, and goals of physical and sports-related activity; and behaviors within the family environment) in physical and sports-related activity among pupils enrolled in compulsory secondary education in Spain and Mexico. METHODS: A questionnaire on habits related to physical and sports-related activity, consumption of alcoholic beverages or tobacco, and the influence of the family environment was answered by 3 249 Spanish pupils and 1 083 Mexican pupils between 12 and 16 years of age. A descriptive analysis and a multinomial logistic regression were carried out in order to ascertain the predictive capacity of the variables included in the model. RESULTS: In both countries, consumption increases with age. In comparative terms, there is a higher prevalence among Spanish pupils when consuming addictive substances. The Spanish pupils who are physically active are less likely to consume alcohol and tobacco; among their Mexican counterparts, there were no significant differences in this regard. The results show that in Spain, females consume alcoholic beverages and smoke more frequently than do males, who do so sporadically but in greater quantities. In Mexico, adolescent boys consume alcohol more regularly that do adolescent girls, although there are no differences in terms of quantity. CONCLUSIONS: In Spain, being physically active and engaging in sports is clearly related to consuming less. Being physically active acts as a protective agent against unhealthy habits. Among Mexican adolescents, no significant relationship between these factors has been found. Both in Spain and in Mexico, siblings and parents are the family members who have the greatest influence vis-à-vis alcohol and tobacco consumption. Furthermore, the trend towards simultaneous consumption of both substances...